Nagisa桥的施工及实桥荷载试验——PC斜拉桥与钢悬索桥的混合构造

Nagisa桥是世界上首次应用预应力混凝上斜拉桥与钢筋箱梁悬索桥组合结构的混合式PC斜拉桥，本文介绍其施工方法及完桥荷载实验情况。     

预应力锚索的长度与预应力值对其加固效果的影响

根据模型试验结果，重点分析了块状岩体中锚索长度及预应力值大小对其加固效果的影响，并给出了影响范围及特征，为进一步分析预锚加固作用机理和探讨预锚加固设计方法提供了基础性依据。     

去除海水中TOC的新型药剂试验研究

为了验证LY-K01新型药剂在TOC去除率上的高效性,拟定了该药剂与传统药剂对海水TOC处理的对比实验,并对其实验方法与实验步骤进行了介绍,结合该药剂的药剂机理得出该处理药剂可真正做到将氧化、吸附、混凝结合为一体,效果良好,值得推广使用。     

地质雷达原理及其在隧道超前预报中的应用

结合使用瑞典RAMAC/GPR地质雷达的实例,介绍了地质雷达的工作原理及其在隧道超前预报中的应用和技巧,并对地质雷达探测技术的应用前景进行了展望,以推广地质雷达探测技术。     

计入初始应变项的平面梁单元非线性刚度矩阵

开展平面结构几何非线性分析时经常会遇到杆件含有初始应力力或初始应变的情况。由于非线性刚度矩阵中舍有节点位移，矩阵运算量大，给刚度矩阵的推导带来很大困难。根据平面梁单元几何非线性方程，采用计入初始应力和初始应变项的一般性线弹性应力应变关系，导出了相应的切线刚度矩阵，利用MATLAB数学工具箱，给出了含有初始应力和初始应变的所有刚度矩阵的显式表达式，为程序编制奠定了基础。     

深厚软土超长预应力高强混凝土管桩轴向受力性状的试验研究

通过在管桩的钢筋笼里面添加带应变计的附加钢筋,对珠海保税区深厚软土地基中超长预应力高强混凝土(PHC)管桩进行了轴向静载试验和桩身轴力的测试,探讨了深厚软土地基中超长PHC管桩的竖向承载特性和荷载传递机理。结果表明在深厚软土地基中,超长PHC管桩表现出端承摩擦桩的承载性状,因此应当选择压缩性较小的土层作为持力层;超长PHC管桩的桩端土刚度对桩侧摩阻力的发挥有极大的影响,提高桩端土刚度对桩侧摩阻力有明显的增强作用;适当地增加桩长可以提高桩基的极限承载力;在长细比较大的超长PHC管桩设计中,除了从极限承载力和桩顶沉降来考虑外,还应该注意桩身强度的影响;同时,在沉降计算中,要充分考虑桩身压缩引起的沉降。该试验方法和试验结果对今后PHC管桩的研究和设计应用具有重要的指导意义。     

盾构隧道施工阶段管片局部开裂原因初探

钢筋混凝土管片作为盾构隧道最基本的结构单元，其破损和开裂必将造成隧道质量问题，并最终影响隧道的使用寿命。在施工过程中，发现部分管片螺栓孔附近出现开裂或破损，为分析出现裂缝或破损的原因，首先，通过3对标准块管片足尺正、负弯曲试验，发现并没有出现上述裂缝，从现象上证明该开裂不是由于管片问相对弯曲位移产生的；然后，通过三维有限元模拟，分别计算1对标准块管片在相对弯曲和相对扭转时的应力分布，通过分析应力云图和截面应力等值线发现，施工过程中出现的开裂和破损是由管片问相对扭转引起的。     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁疲劳性能试验研究

通过锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的疲劳试验,分析了主筋锈蚀与混凝土梁疲劳性能的关系。疲劳试验包括1根钢筋未锈蚀的对比梁和8根钢筋锈蚀率介于4%～12%的试验梁。试验结果表明锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的刚度在疲劳过程中表现出“下降—平稳—上升”三阶段特性。由于钢筋混凝土梁中钢筋的不均匀锈蚀,钢筋表面产生明显的坑蚀,锈蚀梁的疲劳破坏在应力幅最大且表面有坑蚀的钢筋截面发生。随着主筋锈蚀率的增加,梁的疲劳寿命急剧缩短,其破坏形式为受拉钢筋脆性断裂,破坏前没有预兆。振动测试表明,梁的基本频率并不是随疲劳损伤积累而单调下降,实测基本频率不能可靠地预报锈蚀钢筋的疲劳断裂破坏。同时,在相同疲劳循环次数下,随疲劳应力幅的增大,钢筋锈蚀的性能逐渐由软钢向硬钢转变。     

Lightweight concrete made from oil palm shell (OPS): Structural bond and durability properties

The first part of this experimental program was to determine the structural bond properties of lightweight concrete incorporating solid waste oil palm shell (OPS) as coarse aggregate and also to compare its behaviour with other types of lightweight aggregate concretes. Other properties of OPS concrete namely the split tensile strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were also determined. The structural bond properties were determined through pull-out test. The results showed that the experimental bond strength of OPS concrete was much higher than the design bond strength as stipulated by BS 8110. In general, the properties of OPS concrete compared well with that of other structural lightweight concretes and the results obtained encourage the use of OPS as aggregates for the production of structural lightweight concrete. The second part of the experimental program investigates the durability performance of OPS concrete through water permeability and water absorption tests.     

Indoor air quality,ventilation and health symptoms in schools: an analysis of existing information

We reviewed the literature on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), ventilation, and building-related health problems in schools and identified commonly reported building-related health symptoms involving schools until 1999. We collected existing data on ventilation rates, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and symptom-relevant indoor air contaminants, and evaluated information on causal relationships between pollutant exposures and health symptoms. Reported ventilation and CO2 data strongly indicate that ventilation is inadequate in many classrooms, possibly leading to health symptoms. Adequate ventilation should be a major focus of design or remediation efforts. Total volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde (HCHO) and microbiological contaminants are reported. Low HCHO concentrations were unlikely to cause acute irritant symptoms (<0.05 ppm), but possibly increased risks for allergen sensitivities, chronic irritation, and cancer. Reported microbiological contaminants included allergens in deposited dust, fungi, and bacteria. Levels of specific allergens were sufficient to cause symptoms in allergic occupants. Measurements of airborne bacteria and airborne and surface fungal spores were reported in schoolrooms. Asthma and 'sick building syndrome' symptoms are commonly reported. The few studies investigating causal relationships between health symptoms and exposures to specific pollutants suggest that such symptoms in schools are related to exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), molds and microbial VOCs, and allergens.